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Microparticulate vaccine for transdermal measles immunizationAbstract
Measles is a major global cause of death. Since children are primary targets for vaccine, we aimed at delivering the vaccine via needle-free transdermal route. Vaccine microparticles were formulated using Buchi spray dryer B-290. The induction of immune response by the microparticles was confirmed by Griess's assay. Expression of antigen-presenting molecules, MHC I, MHC II, and co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD40 was assessed using flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity of microparticles was assessed by MTT assay. In vivo efficacy of was studied in the mouse model. For transdermal immunization, P.L.E.A.S.E. ablative laser was used. It creates micropores of defined size on the skin for transdermal immunization. The animals were administered with a prime and a booster dose. The serum was collected, and IgG and IgM antibody titers were measured. Microparticulate vaccine showed significantly higher release of nitric oxide compared to the blank microparticles. It resulted in significantly higher cell-surface expression of MHC I, MHC II, CD80 and CD40. The vaccine and adjuvant microparticles were non-cytotoxic. The in vivo studies demonstrated elevated humoral immune responses in the mice receiving vaccine and adjuvant microparticles via both, subcutaneous and transdermal routes. The microparticles augment the immunogenic properties of vaccine. Transdermal administration produced comparable results as of the subcutaneous administration indicating the potential of the transdermal vaccination.Collections